{"id":78,"date":"2021-10-21T15:27:28","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T15:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stolpersteine-goeppingen.de\/?page_id=78"},"modified":"2025-04-16T14:00:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T14:00:48","slug":"plawner-mina-pnina-rachel-dina-und-wolf-bernard","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stolpersteine-goeppingen.de\/en\/eislingen\/plawner-mina-pnina-rachel-dina-und-wolf-bernard\/","title":{"rendered":"Plawner, Mina, Wolf Bernhard, Pnina and Rachel-Dina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Richard-Wagner-Str. 26<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The Fate of a Jewish Family in Eislingen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Auschwitz\nvia Wien and Haifa into Richard-Wagner-Strasse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Richard-Wagner-Strasse in front of No 26 on April 10 2007 four \u201eStolpersteine\u201c were laid by artist Gunter Demnig in remembrance of four people who had lived in Eislingen for ten years: Dr. Bernhard and Mina Plawner as well as their daughters Pnina and Rachel-Dina.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Richard-Wagner-Str. 26<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The family lived in then called Gro\u00dfeislingen from 1928, later part of the in September 1933 newly established town of Eislingen\/Fils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origin and\nEducation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How did the Plawners get\nto Eislingen? Bernhard Plawner was born in January 1898 in the then\nAustrian rural town Auschwitz, which the Jewish population that\nformed the majority called ‘Ospitzim\u2018. He studied before World War\nI together with his brother Oskar in Vienna. His subject was\nchemistry, then he completed his studies at the Technical High School\nwith the title of a Doctor of Engineering (Dr.ing.). Bernhard married\nMina (Minna) Gruber who was of his age and like himself came from\nAuschwitz\/Oswiecim. Mina’s parents operated a restaurant in the\ncenter of the town in Ulica Koscielna 12 next to the Catholic church.\nFor Mina working in the parental business did not seem to be a\nperspective. She attended a training as an educator of the Montessori\nprinciple. Like for many Eastern European Jews of both genders\nZionism seemed to be a perspective of their lives, They emigrated in\nthe 1920s into the British mandate territory Palestine and tried to\nget a hold in the city of Haifa. The land that they helped to\nconstruct was hard to the newcomers, diseases like Malaria threatened\nthe immigrants, the life stayed very poor for most of them despite\ntheir efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Mina, Pnina, Wolf-Bernhard & Rachel-Dina<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The couple did not manage\nto be economically established in the long run. Still in Palestine\nher first child was born: On March 7 1926 daughter Pnina came to\nlive. But soon the young family decided to return to Europe and Dr.\nPlawner found an interesting and probably well -paid position in the\nEislingen Paper Mill Fleischer. The original company had been bought\nby the Jewish Goeppingen entrepreneur Moriz Fleischer in 1892 and\nturned into a model of success, his sons followed him with similar\nresults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A good time in\nEislingen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

From 1928 Dr. Bernhard Plawner was department manager of Paper Mill Fleischer, situated west of Gro\u00dfeislingen, opposite the restaurant Waldhorn and he lived with his family in Richard-Wagner-Stra\u00dfe 26\/1, obliquely opposite the Catholic Gemeindehaus (Community Center). <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Richard-Wagner-Str. 26\/1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

He was creatively in action in his company, for example he developed a special paper for a better preservation of apples. Witnesses of the time could remember the \u201cprivate life\u201c of the family: Pnina had close friends in Eislingen as Frau Reichel n\u00e9e Goebel told. She attended the Catholic kindergarten in Koenigstrasse, the girl friends played in Richard-Wagner-Strasse, then later at home at Pnina’s until the \u201cpoliceman\u201c took 50,- RM (Reichsmark) from Father Goebel because of forbidden \u201ccontacts with Jews\u201c. Formerly, the Plawner house had been a friendly place for comrades from school and girl friends. \u201cThere were always sweets\u201c, reported Andreas K\u00f6der. In June 1934 Pnina got a little sister: In a Stuttgart hospital Rachel-Dina was born. This was possibly the last enjoyable event in the family who in the meantime lived under Nazi rule. So Pnina Plawner had to leave the public school in Eislingen, she attended the Jewish Elementary School in Goeppingen<\/a> which was founded at the end of 1936.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The deportation\nto Poland<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On October 28 1938 Dr. Bernhard Plawner was arrested in his apartment and deported to Poland. He was one of about 18,000 Jews who lived in Germany but formally were Polish citizens<\/a>. Mina Plawner and their daughters seem not to have been in the apartment when the father of the family was arrested for firstly they could avoid deportation and were hiding with the befriended family Schiffmann in Goeppingen, Hauptstrasse 11, but they were detected there after a few weeks and were also deported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The traces of the Plawner\nfamily are lost in Poland. After Bernhard had managed to flee into\nthe Soviet occupied area after the invasion of the Germans in 1939\nand the division of Poland his wife asked him to come back into the\nGerman occupied Poland, \u201cthe Germans are not so bad.\u201c The family\nlived in the Southern Polish town of Jaslo which could look back at\ncenturies of Jewish history. Dr, Plawner found work there and could\nsupport his family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghetto Jaslo <\/strong>\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaslo which had been\noccupied even on September 1939 by the Nazi German troops was in the\npart of Poland called \u201aGeneralgouvernment\u2018 and was supposed to\nbecome a \u201cGerman town\u201c.From the beginning of the occupation the\nJewish population was terrorized, the Plawner family obviously had\nluck in this situation. Probably, during that time they tried to get\nan entry permit for Palestine the country they had been connected\nsince the 1920s. Unfortunately, their attempt failed because of the\nstrict reglemention of immigration by the British mandate force. For\nmale and female Jews the age limit was 35 years, Mina and Bernhard\nunfortunately were one year too old. But at the end of 1941 \/ the\nbeginning of 1842 all Jewish inhabitants of Jaslo \u2013 Jews from other\ncommunities added \u2013 were forced to move into a newly established\nghetto which consisted of a few streets only and was fenced in by\nbarbed wire. This fate was also the fate of the Plawners. It can be\nassumed that all family members had to do forced labor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pnina at the age of 16 for\nexample worked in a cleaning command and also outside the ghetto. But\nthe Plawners first had an unexpected \u201cprotector\u201c: Ludwig Romeis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the memory of the\nfamily he is named the Schulthei\u00df = Mayor of Jaslo, any\nverifications from other sources do not exist. However, Romeis was\npart of the murderous NS administration and was in connection with NS\nadministrative head of the district Walter Gantz, a murderer who\nafter the war was never held to account. But Ludwig Romeis, the\ncapriciousness of the \u201cmaster race\u201d was arbitrary, first held his\nhands over the Plawner family. He gave food to Pnina and helped her\nto flee when it became clear that the ghetto was to be evacuated in\nAugust 1942. Pnina who was acting with her friend as a married\ncouple, first could live in Kielce, then in Warszaw with false\npapers. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In spring her poor Polish was detected by a Volksdeutscher (a German who had lived in Poland before) who denounced her. Pnina and her friend were shot on the very day. The fair and blue-eyed Rachel would have been taken as his own daughter in his family, but the eight- or nine-year-old child wanted to stay with her mother. The further fate of Mina, Rachel-Dina and Bernhard Plawner has not been found out. Since summer 1942 male and female Jews from the Jaslo Ghetto were constantly shot. The ones who survived these terror acts were deported to extermination camp Belzec on August 19 or 20 1942 and murdered there. After the war the family was pronounced \u201cdead\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bernhard\u2019s brother Oskar Plawner survived the Shoah. His offspring live in Stuttgart. We thank them for the memories of the family and the photos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(05.05.2020 pr\/kmr)<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/div>